Key Components: Operator

Entrusted with aggregating off-chain transactions, the operator computes an updated state root (StateRoot_new). Decentralization is achieved through operator selection using a Verifiable Random Function (VRF) integrated with Substrate's epoch randomness: OperatorID = VRF(EpochRandomness, BlockHeight), where EpochRandomness is derived from BABE's VRF output and BlockHeight represents the current block number, with periodic rotation enforced through Substrate's session management to prevent centralization.