Advanced Consensus Features
Fork Choice Rule
GRANDPA`s finality mechanism ensures deterministic finality, preventing forks once blocks are finalized. During network partitions, nodes maintain probabilistic finality through BABE while awaiting GRANDPA consensus when 2/3 connectivity is restored.
Block Production
BABE`s VRF ensures unpredictable slot leadership, using: VRF_{sk_i}(SlotNumber || EpochRandomness) → (r_i, σ_i) with ≥ 128-bit security through SR25519 signatures.
Validator Set Updates
Validator set changes occur at epoch boundaries (every 2400 slots), with ≈ 10% churn per epoch (e.g., 10/100 validators rotated), balancing stability and decentralization through the staking pallet's election algorithm.
Transaction Prioritization
The transaction pool sorts by fee per weight: Priority = Fee / Weight with configurable pool capacity. Dynamic fee adjustment based on network congestion ensures fair inclusion and prevents spam attacks through Substrate's weight-based fee model.
Fork Choice Rule
GRANDPA`s finality mechanism ensures deterministic finality, preventing forks once blocks are finalized. During network partitions, nodes maintain probabilistic finality through BABE while awaiting GRANDPA consensus when 2/3 connectivity is restored.
Block Production
BABE`s VRF ensures unpredictable slot leadership, using: VRF_{sk_i}(SlotNumber || EpochRandomness) → (r_i, σ_i) with ≥ 128-bit security through SR25519 signatures.
Validator Set Updates
Validator set changes occur at epoch boundaries (every 2400 slots), with ≈ 10% churn per epoch (e.g., 10/100 validators rotated), balancing stability and decentralization through the staking pallet's election algorithm.
Transaction Prioritization
The transaction pool sorts by fee per weight: Priority = Fee / Weight with configurable pool capacity. Dynamic fee adjustment based on network congestion ensures fair inclusion and prevents spam attacks through Substrate's weight-based fee model.
The Proof Behind Champions
Those who compete at the edge of human precision now back the technology that defines digital truth.
