Privacy Preserving Computations with ZK WrappersEVM Compatibility Challenges and Research DirectionsEVM Compatibility: Challenges and Research Directions
Integrating ZK wrappers with the EVM presents several technical challenges that must be addressed to ensure compatibility while preserving the security and privacy guarantees of the ZKP ecosystem:
Challenges and Research Directions
State Model Differences
State Model Differences: The EVM operates on an account-based model, whereas the ZKP ecosystem uses a commitment-based state model. Bidirectional state adapters are being developed to map EVM accounts to commitments, translate state transitions into zero-knowledge constraints, and maintain compatibility with Ethereum.
Gas Metering for ZKP Operations:
ZKP operations have different costs than standard EVM operations. A dual gas accounting system, dynamic pricing, and economic models ensure fair pricing and incentives
Pre-compiled Contracts for ZK Operations:
ZK-friendly pre-compiles are planned to enhance efficiency, with formal verification ensuring equivalence to existing operations.
The research focuses on maximizing bytecode compatibility
with Ethereum while preserving security.
Future Technical Specification
A forthcoming specification will detail circuit optimization, gas models,
APIs, and recursive SNARKs for scalability ((π_{n + 1}) = Prove(π_n)).
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