Detailed Explanations: Application Layer Technologies

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EVM

Executes contracts through Substrate's EVM pallet with RLP encoding and Patricia Trie state management, supporting ZK-verified AI tasks with Ethereum compatibility.

WASM

Offers near-native speeds (~10^8 instructions/s) for AI inference through Substrate's native runtime, using Rust-based pallets integrated with EVM via unified state management.

ZK Wrappers

Abstract zk-SNARKs (on-chain verification) and zk-STARKs (off-chain computation) for secure AI computation verification through both EVM contracts and native pallets.

Circom

Compiles ZK circuits for AI tasks (e.g., matrix multiplication), optimizing proof generation through Substrate's off-chain worker infrastructure.

ZoKrates

Simplifies zk-SNARK circuit design with reusable components for AI operations, integrated with Substrate's development toolkit.

EVM

Executes contracts through Substrate's EVM pallet with RLP encoding and Patricia Trie state management, supporting ZK-verified AI tasks with Ethereum compatibility.

WASM

Offers near-native speeds (~10^8 instructions/s) for AI inference through Substrate's native runtime, using Rust-based pallets integrated with EVM via unified state management.

ZK Wrappers

Abstract zk-SNARKs (on-chain verification) and zk-STARKs (off-chain computation) for secure AI computation verification through both EVM contracts and native pallets.