Detailed Explanations: Application Layer Technologies

EVM
Executes contracts through Substrate's EVM pallet with RLP encoding and Patricia Trie state management, supporting ZK-verified AI tasks with Ethereum compatibility.
WASM
Offers near-native speeds (~10^8 instructions/s) for AI inference through Substrate's native runtime, using Rust-based pallets integrated with EVM via unified state management.
ZK Wrappers
Abstract zk-SNARKs (on-chain verification) and zk-STARKs (off-chain computation) for secure AI computation verification through both EVM contracts and native pallets.
Circom
Compiles ZK circuits for AI tasks (e.g., matrix multiplication), optimizing proof generation through Substrate's off-chain worker infrastructure.
ZoKrates
Simplifies zk-SNARK circuit design with reusable components for AI operations, integrated with Substrate's development toolkit.
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