Fault Tolerance
The layered design ensures that a failure in one layer, such as a Storage Layer issue (e.g., an IPFS node outage), does not disrupt the Consensus Layer, maintaining operational continuity. This resilience is critical for decentralized AI applications that require high availability, as it prevents single points of failure from compromising the entire system.


Substrate's modular pallet architecture enhances this fault tolerance by allowing individual pallets to fail or be upgraded without affecting the entire runtime, providing additional system resilience.

