Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized runtime environment for executing smart contracts, primarily on the Ethereum blockchain.


Executing Smart Contracts with EVM
The core engine behind programmable, trustless automation across decentralized systems.
It is Turing-complete, meaning it can run any program given sufficient resources, and operates within a sandboxed environment to ensure security.
The EVM uses a gas model, where each operation incurs a cost, preventing infinite loops and incentivizing efficient code.
Smart contracts, typically written in Solidity, enable programmable logic that executes automatically based on predefined conditions.
EVM Integration in the Zero Knowledge Proof Ecosystem
Extending Ethereum's capabilities with privacy-focused, verifiable computation on Substrate.
In the ZKP ecosystem, the EVM is incorporated into the Substrate-based chain through the EVM pallet and Frontier compatibility layer, enabling native support for Solidity smart contracts while maintaining full Ethereum compatibility.
This integration allows developers to deploy existing Ethereum dApps without modification, creating applications such as a decentralized marketplace for AI models where ZKPs verify transactions without exposing sensitive data.

The EVM Pallet: Bridging Ethereum and Substrate
Connecting Solidity-based applications to a scalable, privacy-preserving blockchain runtime.
The EVM pallet seamlessly integrates with Substrate's native runtime, enabling unified account systems (H160 addresses) and efficient cross-runtime communication between EVM contracts and native Substrate pallets.
The integration of ZK wrappers with the EVM ensures privacy-preserving execution, making it a powerful tool for bridging Ethereum's developer base with ZKP's advanced privacy features while leveraging Substrate's superior scalability and upgrade mechanisms.
